ABSTRACT:
This paper presents the design and implementation of a cost-effective automatic light control system utilizing a Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor to enhance energy efficiency and user convenience in indoor environments. The proposed system automatically regulates room lighting based on human presence detection, eliminating the need for manual operation. When motion is detected by the PIR sensor, the lighting load is activated; conversely, the lights are automatically switched off after a predetermined delay when no movement is detected. This mechanism significantly reduces energy wastage commonly associated with lights being left on in unoccupied spaces. The system employs a PIR sensor as the motion detection unit, a BC547 transistor as a switching element, a relay module for load isolation, and a 5V charging module for power regulation. The complete hardware prototype was successfully tested under various conditions, demonstrating reliable performance with a total component cost of approximately ₹400 (INR). The proposed solution is particularly suitable for applications in educational institutions, residential bathrooms, staircases, and other spaces where manual lighting control often leads to energy inefficiency. Future enhancements may include integration with photoresistors for ambient light sensing and Bluetooth modules for remote mobile control.
Cite this article:
Satyam Kumar, Vardaan Garg, Surendra Kumar, Automatic Light Control System Using PIR Sensor for Energy-Efficient Indoor Lighting , Spectrum of Emerging Sciences, 6 (1)1-6 10.55878/SES2026-6-1-3, DOI: https://doi.org/10.55878/SES2026-6-1-3
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